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What is a Computer?

computer

A computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

Modern Computers Defined

Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery -- wires,transistors, and circuits -- is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software.
All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:



  • memory: enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.
  • mass storage device: allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
  • input device: usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.
  • output device: a display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.
  • central processing unit (CPU): the heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions.


  • In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.

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