NETWORKING
1. Concept of Networking Networking is a concept of connecting multiple computers so that resources, such as printers, hard disks, and files can be shared. A typical network is depicted in the figure below.
2. Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. Each computer or device on the network is a node. Current wired LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet technology.
Current Ethernet or other IEEE 802.3 LAN technologies operate at speeds up to 10 Gbit/s. This is the data transfer rate. IEEE has projects investigating the standardization of 40 and 100 Gbit/s. LANs can be connected to Wide area network by using routers.
Characteristics Of LAN:
(a) Operates within the limited geographical area.
(b) Allow access through high bandwidth up to 1000 mbps.
(c) Controls the network under local administration
(d) Provides the full time connectivity to local system.
(e) Connects physical adjacent devices.
3. Metropolitan area network (MAN)
MAN is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. The IEEE 802-2002 standard describes a MAN.
MAN geographic scope falls between a WAN and LAN. MANs provide Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to wider area networks like the Internet.
4. Wide area network (WAN)
WAN is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs and other localised computer networking architectures.
While local area networks are perfect for sharing resources within a building or campus, they cannot be used to connect distant sites.
Wide area networks (WANs) fill this need. Stated simply, wide area networks are the set of connecting links between local area networks.
These links are made over telephone lines leased from the various telephone companies. In rare instances, WANs can be created with satellite links, packet radio, or microwave transceivers.
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COMPUTING KNOWLEDGE
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